CONFLICT IN SOMALIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CONFLICT IN SOMALIA - Essay Example ant disagreement based on political and religious agendas, Somali has been unable to shake itself out of the crisis, which was exacerbated by the declaration of Somalia as a failed State in 1991 by its failing and shaking Transitional government headed by moderate Islamist Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmad (Chopra, 1998). Somali conflict has also been affected by the actions of regional and international powers that have worsen it instead of resolving the issue on most occasions. But how long will this conflict continue? Who are the core conflict parties? Bariagaber (2006, pp. 66) pointed out that Somalia had been divided along ethnic lines, which had segmented the country into several clans or tribal divisions. Couldn’t the issue of embracing different ideologies by different clans be enough to keep Somali people apart and make peaceful co-existence impossible? Each of the clans has its form of Islamic religion being practiced by its people: from the moderate Islam to the fanatical and more dangerous ones; even some of the Muslim groups in Somalia have been put on United States’ terrorist list because of their connection with Osama Bin Laden’s Al Qeada Organization. Considering the enormity of the conflict in Somalia, it is apt to investigate what are the internal-subgroups and what constituencies do they depend on. Apart from internal segregation due to tribal affiliations, it has been discovered that some internal-subgroups do exist; which are directly linked with religious ideologies. The main radical sub-group is called Al-Shabab, an extremist group that was carved out by the remaining supporters of Union of Islamic Courts. The constituencies that Al-Shabab controls include the South and Central Somalia, which it rules with iron-hand imposing Sharia on the Somali people in these places. There is another notorious sub-group named Hisbul-Islam that was created shortly after the moderate Islamist government was formed: an action some former members of Union of

Italy between 1918 and 1929 Essay Example for Free

Italy between 1918 and 1929 Essay Fascism was born with an ambiguous face, surging from socialist ideas developed in a strong nationalistic way, embracing monarchy and free-trade; it also had expansionist policies. Mussolini himself was in fact socialist, but as his party was not getting as many votes as he expected he shifted to fascism, but reluctantly breaking his links with socialism. The rise and the consolidation of power was done in a superficially legal manner, but a party led by a dictator needs a harsh rule to stay in power and be to some extent ruthless to bring order something Europe needed, specially after the mess created by World War One. By 1900 the process of unification in Italy, the Risorgimento, had largely been completed territorially, but not in any other respect. The vast majority of the population still felt no real attachment to Italy at all, as a result of Italys continuing weakness as a cultural, industrial, military, and colonial power compared to older European states. This resulted in a deepening national inferiority complex and led to various projects for the renewal of nationalism, both from the extreme left and the extreme right. Italy was promised land in the war and joined at the side of the Allies, but in the end it did not gained what it was promised and this was known as the mutilated victory. The political sphere indicated the government in power was vulnerable, the Italians blamed the government for it did not take a stronger stand. Economically, Italy was in a great (fake, as it was believed it was about to collapse) boom. The North seemed to be booming more than the south. The fear of a communist revolution seemed to have given Mussolini an increasing amount of supporters such as the wealthy (who were afraid of the end of private property), the agrari fascists, richer peasants, estate managers and urban professionals joined the communists in a struggle against the revolution. Fascism survived the 1919 crisis due to the Wealthy Milanese help and the unsuccessful anti-fascist general strike in 1922 launched by the socialists. Still, the PNF (Partio Nazionale Fascista) was not able to win power legally so it was decided to promote the March on Rome, ill armed (they could have easily smashed). The King feared the fascist bonds with the army would drive the country into a civil war and gave Mussolini  the Prime Minister post. After 1922 Mussolinis role was to consolidate his power. In the beginning, however, he decided to slowly ensure his power rather than start a complete political revolution, so not to lose the power he now had. To make fascism stronger a combination of elements was necessary: The ras (headed extensive fascist organizations), the fascist left'(ex-syndicalists seeking popular enthusiasm through a national syndicalistic state), the fascist technocrats (who saw fascism as an elitist, modernizing force, nationalists (pushed fascism to a more pro-capitalist and imperialist way) and the conservatives (wanted the party to gain power as well and defended the social-political status-quo). These pressured Mussolini for a complete fascist takeover. It meant Mussolini had to tighten control over the ras and other rebellious supporters. To do so he created the Fascist Grand Council, what strengthened even more the partys position. In the 1923, in an electoral reform, the Acerbo Law was designed. This would give the leading party at the general election two-thirds of the parliamentary seats. At the April 1924 elections fascism led the way. The Acerbo Law proved to be useless as the fascist party legally got the two-thirds seats. It is believed, however that many of the votes were gotten with the use of violence and bribery from the fascist side. This same year a scandal about the Matteotti murder involving fascist came to public notice. It consisted the murder of a socialist murdered by fascists, increasing the anti-fascist movements and making Mussolini more vulnerable. Many boycotted the parliament Aventine Cexxession (what in the end was, in the end, positive for Mussolini) The ras (at this point made consuls), threatened to take Mussolinis position if a move towards dictatorship was not made and it was in 1925 that Mussolini made clear to the parliament (or what remained of it)his intentions as a dictator (the Fundamental Law was created). Even after the Matteotti crisis the King did not ask Mussolini to resign (willingness of conservatives to abandon the fascist movement fearing a left-wing revival). With his own words, Mussolini affirmed in 1925 that to go against him was to  go against the State, aiming at a totalitarian state. In 1927 a circular status that provisional prefects must obey, even by fascist was created and In 1928 the new Electoral Law was applied while the boycotting of the parliament was taking place. It meant that if one wished to become a member of the parliament, this person should first be accepted by the fascists. By 1929 Mussolini had an accumulation of offices 8 ministries. This is known as the Cult of the Duce (cult of leadership) and was given a major importance in the indoctrination process, in giving Italy a national identity. The educational system had a vital change text books became a state monopoly by 1936. two years later racism was thought in classrooms and one year later a fascist School Charter was created. Youth groups were created outside the school sector it was necessary to keep the young ones as far from the older generation as possible.  The older generation had more experience and could represent a threat to the regime. Culture was also controlled by the government. In 1925 a film institute was set up. In 1934 an office to Cinematography was established. The control of the press symbolized the major oppression freedom of expression was taken away from the Italians by 1926, when the Exceptional Decrees suppressed many papers. Two years later compulsory registration of all journalists with the Fascist Journalist Association became obligatory. Linked to the indoctrination process it is possible to see the coercion, the use of force. In 1926 the OVRA was set up and a Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State. The OVRA was the secret police, responsible to eliminate party traitors and enemies. Furthermore, Mussolinis image was essential for the party to maintain control and popularity over Italy. In 1929 the Lateran Pact would establish relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian State, securing wider acceptance of Mussolinis ruling. By this date the fascist dictatorship was reinforced by supporting a repressive legislation and this treaty would be significant to increase Mussolinis popularity and the support for his  regime thus securing his power. Mussolini promised to bring peace to Italy if possible by love, but if necessary by force as he said in a speech in parliament, which made clear the methods he used for consolidation. To conclude, Mussolini was undoubtedly a great speaker, and the Italians believed he would de the one to bring respect and importance to Italy in a world wide manner. Nevertheless, up to 1926 Mussolini was seeking power through aggressive ways to consolidate his power as quickly as possible, as his fellow communists pressured him to do. From this date onwards, he felt more secure and based himself on persuasive methods to stay in power. Squadristi violence was the most common among the fascists, but censorship can also be considered as an aggression towards the Italian people. Other parties were outlawed, alarming people of the danger to stand up against the party.

Huanting Of Hill House Essay example -- essays research papers

THE HAUNTING ON HILL HOUSE Eleanor Vance has always been a loner shy, defenseless, and angrily resentful of the 11 years she lost while nursing her dying mother. She had spent so long alone, with no one to love, never had a real home and without any happiness in her life. Eleanor has always sensed that one day something big would happen, and one day it does. She receives an unusual invitation from Dr. John Montague, a man fascinated by "supernatural manifestations." He had been looking for a haunted house all his life. Then He heard about Hill House and he knows that he couldn’t let it go. His intentions with Hill House, was to go there, live there for a while and take notes of everything that occurs within the house, kind of like ghost hunting. So he rents Hill House for three months, organizes a ghost watch, inviting three people who have been touched by unearthly events. A psychic event from Eleanor's childhood makes her qualify to be a part of Montague's unusual study, along with stub born Theodora who was the not thing like Eleanor, and Luke who is the nephew of the owner of Hill House. The reason for him being there is because the family lawyer told Dr. Montague that he couldn’t rent the house without the confining presence of a member of the family during his stay. They all meet at Hill House an estate in New England. This is where i...

The Educational Connoisseurship Model of Elliot W Eisner

The American educator and philosopher of education Elliot W. Eisner is an ideal theorist to examine when determining the best ways, means, and measures to set standards for an elementary math school curriculum. Eisner was unapologetic in his demand for what he called the exercise of standards-based artistry and the development of connoisseurship in education, and for what some of his critics have called elitism in approaching the educational process. However, Eisner†s called for standards, although Eisner is particularly known for his work in arts education, makes his hands-on theories of education both useful and inspiring to elementary school math teachers. Eisner†s examination of process and the artistry of education in The Enlightened Eye proved that he was attempting extension of his thinking to qualitative research into education and to the sciences as well as humanities. To conceive of students as artists who do their art in science, in the arts, or the humanities, is, after all, both a daunting and a profound aspiration,† he wrote later on, but education is not an assembly line, rather â€Å"the field of education has much to learn from the arts about the practice of education. It is time to embrace a new model for improving our schools,† where the school functions as a laboratory of innovation and experimentation. For Eisner, â€Å"knowledge is an intensely variable and personal â€Å"event†, something acquired via a combination of one's senses – visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory – assembled according to a personal schema, and then made public – expressed, typically, by the same sensory modalities utilized in the initial acquisition. â€Å"(Lloyd-Zannini, 1998, cited by Smith, 2005) Again, this is an inspiration in particular for an elementary math school class for it stresses that learning must be experiential, exciting, yet still convey something beyond pure fun or feeling. Cooking to teach fractions followed by a test asking students to shrink or expand the recipe, to show that knowledge had been conveyed would be keeping with this approach. For Eisner, our ability to know is based in our ability to construct valuable and real-life meaning from experiences in a coherent fashion. Despite his advancement of the importance of connoisseurship and criticism, Eisner began his own education as a teacher in an egalitarian setting. While in college Elliot Eisner worked with African American boys in the American Boys Commonwealth in the neighborhood where he grew up. He said later that this confirmed his view that there must be a solid aesthetic behind art education and a better exploration of art†s historical context. Approaches which simply gave children arts materials in the hope that their creativity might flow resulted in programs â€Å"with little or no structure, limited artistic content and few meaningful aims† and were ultimately patronizing in their approach to students ability to gain useful knowledge that would gain them advancement in life. (Smith, 2005) From his bureaucratic experiences, Eisner also began to frown upon the stress on teacher†s â€Å"team meetings,† which he said discouraged effective praxis and only encouraged talk amongst educators. He said such communal sharing of knowledge is useless if the theories that are generated cannot be used to help students. For example, hearing about a colleagues† problems teaching decimals may be instructive, and help all teacher draw on a range of techniques, but a good educator is one who can combine the different techniques and improvise regarding the particular situation and set of student†s needs. Eisner believed that teachers needed to work together, but they also needed to accept criticism from principles and administrators in the classroom, in terms of the results generated by their efforts-just like students should not be so protected from criticism in assessments of their qualitative and quantitative work, either! Eisner stressed that educators must strive discover the truth in real-life situations, experiences and phenomenon. As Eisner himself stated, ‘effective criticism functions as the midwife to perception. It helps it come into being, then later refines it and helps it to become more acute. † (1998, p. 6) Connoisseurship of appreciation of a work of art or a skill, and of our own ability to master a skill may allow us to appreciate a theory, but criticism is also necessary to bring education to the next level. In other words, in the arts, one must make, and learn about previous art, but also accept evaluations of one†s knowledge. In math, students must learn, but also show they can perform and utilize the skills they are taught beyond mere regurgitation. Likewise, teacher education itself must not be purely theoretically based. Good teachers know, says Eisner, that â€Å"even to talk about effectiveness as though it were independent of the kind of intellectual values that schools ought to support, seems ill conceived. Thoughtful educators are not simply interested in achieving known effects; they are interested as much in surprise, in discovery, in the imaginative side of life and its development as in hitting predefined targets achieved through routine procedures. In some sense our aim ought to be to convert the school from an academic institution into an intellectual one. That shift in the culture of schooling would represent a profound shift in emphasis and in direction. † In other words, the elementary school curriculum should invest the same trust in students, and make the same demands of them as higher levels of education, rather than stress rote learning. However, combined with this disdain for rote, Eisner is equally vehement that this experiential learning must always have the fundamentals at its focus. Strain the limits of schooling, test students beyond standardized multiple-choice exams, but do not use these techniques as an excuse for instilling real knowledge in young minds. Idealistic, and perhaps impractical-but an inspiring goal for any teacher, regardless of grade area or subject matter, to reach for.

Like Water for Chocolate: A Summary Essay

Revolutions throughout time have established change of traditions as the normal occurrence throughout our history. Revolutions in households ca also occur when traditions that are contrary to one’s desire interfere with the values of another. In the novel Like Water for Chocolate, a revolution develops between mother and daughter, Mama Elena and Tita. It is the family traditions, Mama Elena’s lack of understanding of Tita and Tita’s will to break free that sparks the revolution between them. Family traditions play an important role in the cause of Tita’s rebellion against her mother. Tradition states that the youngest daughter (in this case Tita) must not marry, but must take care of their mother until she dies. Tita struggles against her mother’s tradition to â€Å"serve† her until the day she dies, without having a life of her own. Tita did as her mother told even when it made her unhappy. Tita felt smothered by her overbearing mother. Se wanted something more out of life then just taking care of her mother, which is whys he was constantly defying family traditions. An example would be when Tita’s sister Rosaura was unable to feed her son Roberto. Tita however was able to feed him despite not being his mother, defying standards being a mother should feed her own son. Tita was constantly trying to be her own person to make something out of herself that had nothing to do with her mother. When Tita left after Roberto’s death, she wanted nothing to do with her mother, but despite her efforts when she found out that her mother had become paralyzed she soon returned home to help her and take care of her. Tita desperately fights for her freedom and love, while Mama Elena stands as a prime opposition that prevents her from living her dream.

That school uniforms are necessary essays

That school uniforms are necessary essays The Macquarie dictionary defines the concept of uniform as; dress of the same style, materials and colour worn by a group. One particular type of group that uniforms are necessary for are students. Uniforms are a good idea for schools because they make life easier for school children. Uniforms are essential for school students because they allow students to all look the same and not have to keep up with the fashion while at school. If uniforms were non-existant, students may be victimised by others because of the clothes they choose to wear. Focus may be placed on the clothes people wear instead of on schoolwork, which is what school is all about. This is damaging to students' studies because school's purpose is to educate, not to be a fashion parade. The students get used to wearing the school uniform and just don't really think about it and just get stuck into their schoolwork. Having a uniform makes everything easier because nobody can really complain as they all have to wear it. Everyone wearing the same uniform allows students to be easily identified. If everyone was wearing different clothes, nobody would know where a student was from. For example, when on an excursion, if someone gets lost, they can be easily recognised and can find their group by their distinctive uniform. This helps the teachers and the school to control and look after the students. Also, all students wearing a neat and well-presented uniform reflects well on the school and presents a good image. Wearing a school uniform can save money and time. Each morning, students do not need to decide what to wear, they simply get dressed in their uniform. This makes getting ready for school hassle-free for students. Time wasted on deciding what to wear could be better spent on doing schoolwork. Parents may be annoyed that uniforms are expensive, especially in private schools where prices can be quite high. They may think ...

Infuse vs. Suffuse

Infuse vs. Suffuse Infuse vs. Suffuse Infuse vs. Suffuse By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between infuse and suffuse? To infuse something is to literally or figuratively fill it; the senses include â€Å"animate,† â€Å"inject,† â€Å"inspire,† â€Å"introduce,† â€Å"permeate,† and â€Å"steep.† One that or who infuses is an infuser, the act of infusing is called infusion. Suffusion is a closely related concept, but suffuse means, in addition to â€Å"fill,† to â€Å"spread over or through,† as if with light or liquid; synonyms include flush. These terms and their several cousins all have in common a root based on the Latin term fundere, meaning â€Å"pour,† and are related to the verb found in the sense of melting and pouring into a mold, as is done at a foundry. (The other senses of found, the past-tense form of find and the word meaning â€Å"establish,† have separate origins.) Etymologically related words include fuse in the sense of â€Å"blend or join† and its noun form fusion. (The noun fuse, referring to an electrical device or a cable or cord used in lighting an explosive- in the latter sense, also spelled fuze- is unrelated.) Then there’s confuse, meaning â€Å"make difficult to understand,† â€Å"cause someone difficulty in understanding,† or â€Å"mistake someone or something for another†; the synonym confound, which can also mean â€Å"prove wrong† as well as â€Å"increase confusion,† has the same origin. Diffuse means â€Å"spread out†; the adjectival form means â€Å"not concentrated.† The quality of being diffuse is diffuseness, and the noun form for the act of spreading out is diffusion. (Diffuse is not to be confused with defuse; that word is an antonym of the unrelated sense of fuse.) Effuse is a synonym for diffuse in the sense of being spread out amorphously; the verb form, used more often than the adjectival form, means â€Å"pour out† or â€Å"display much or excessive enthusiasm.† (The adjectival form for the latter sense is effusive.) Perfuse is a rare synonym for diffuse or suffuse with the additional sense of forcing the flow of a liquid through something (it has no adjectival form), and transfuse, meaning â€Å"permeate† or â€Å"transmit,† also has a sense of â€Å"transfer†; the common noun form associated with this meaning is transfusion. (Something that can be transfused is transfusible; that word is sometimes spelled with an a instead of an i.) The noun and verb forms of refuse are unrelated; its Latin progenitor, refusare, probably originated as a mash-up of refutare and recusare, the Latin words from which refute and recuse are derived. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†Using Writing Bursts to Generate Ideas and Enthusiasm

Diceratops - Facts and Figures

Diceratops - Facts and Figures Name: Diceratops (Greek for two-horned face); pronounced die-SEH-rah-tops; also known as Nedoceratops Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 15 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Two horns; odd holes on sides of skull About Diceratops (Nedoceratops) You can learn a lot about Greek numbers by studying ceratopsian (horned face) dinosaurs and their distant and not-so-distant relatives. Theres no such animal (yet) as Monoceratops, but Diceratops, Triceratops, Tetraceratops and Pentaceratops make for a nice progression (alluding to two, three, four and five horns, as indicated by the Greek roots di, tri, tetra and penta). An important note, though: Tetraceratops wasnt a ceratopsian, or even a dinosaur, but a therapsid (mammal-like reptile) of the early Permian period. The dinosaur we call Diceratops also rests on shaky ground, but for another reason. This late Cretaceous ceratopsian was diagnosed at the turn of the 20th century by the famous paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh, on the basis on a single, two-horned skull lacking the characteristic nasal horn of Triceratopsand given the name Diceratops, by another scientist, a few years after Marshs death. Some paleontologists believe this skull actually belonged to a deformed Triceratops, and others say Diceratops should properly be assigned to the synonymous genus Nedoceratops (insufficient horned face.) If, in fact, Diceratops winds up reverting to Nedoceratops, then the possibility exists that Nedoceratops was directly ancestral to Triceratops (this last, most famous ceratopsian only awaiting the evolutionary development of a third prominent horn, which should only have taken a few million years). If thats not confusing enough, another option has been touted by the famously iconoclastic paleontologist Jack Horner: perhaps Diceratops, aka Nedoceratops, was actually a juvenile Triceratops, in the same way Torosaurus may have been an unusually elderly Triceratops with a grotesquely overwrought skull. The truth, as always, awaits further fossil discoveries.

Introduction to International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Introduction to International Business - Essay Example Dells’ competitive environment, target market in other countries and communication strategy are also detailed in this paper. Dell Inc: Business and Market Overview Dell Inc designs, develops, manufacturers and markets computers, computer accessories and software products for both the customers of US and other countries. Dell Inc has long been marketing its computer products primarily based on a very strong marketing strategy of ‘going direct’ to its customers. In 2008, Dell was able to be placed as second in the worldwide PC market just behind Hewlett-Packard company. Dell has been gaining considerable growth in its market share during 2008 and 2009, with an increase of 1.2% growth which was the highest growth in the market (Gartner, 2009). The market share and related statistics of the major market players in 2010 show that Dell grew by 11.5 percent which is relatively less as compared to HP’s growth rate of 19.8 percent and Acer’s growth rate of 13 .5 % (Magee, 2010). ... In accomplishing this target, Dell will be meeting the customer expectations of highest quality, leading technology, competitive prices, accountability, flexible customization and financial stability (Farfan, 2011). Product Strategy Dell has been prospering on innovation and product differentiation as well. in 2003, Dell has been offering Latitude laptops, that were designed and developed to help business, government and institutional customers fulfill their computer-needs, and Inspiron laptops that were developed for users seeking the latest technology and high performance in more stylish and affordable packages (Ignatiuk, 2009, p. 20). Later, Dell added a number of different computer lines, they are Vostro, Precision, Alienware etc, to facilitate customers use different computers for their varying requirements. Distribution Strategy Dell is very known for ‘direct marketing’ as it has directly been selling its computer and accessories to the customers. Customers choose their items and order through either mail, or phone calls and the company send items to customers through its own delivery services or third party delivering facilities. As Bozarth (2005, p. 22) stressed, Dell’s direct-marketing strategy has been primarily based on a build-to-order manufacturing system. It means that Dell manufacturers computers only when they have actual customer orders and demands and this has been a reason why Dell succeeded within few years despite rigorous competition in computer marketing. Thomas (2002, p. 163) stated that Michael Dell has long been pursuing ‘going direct’ to customers approach, being aligned with virtual integration strategy. The company was using web-technology to blur

The Lab report to study the impact of Specific drug on Hamsters Research Proposal

The Lab report to study the impact of Specific drug on Hamsters - Research Proposal Example The study observes the hypothesis, where the specific drug has impact on the hamsters. To formulate the hypothesis, the study has done an extensive literature review on hamsters and their vulnerability towards drugs. And the study assumes that there are several instances where different drug levels altered the metabolic and activity levels of hamsters. But to prove the hypothesis, the study conducts a lab experiment, to collect first hand direct information by treating the hamsters with specific drug. In order to find out the impact of the drug on the activity level of hamster, the current research proposes to conduct a quantitative study. The approach to conduct the quantitative research is adopting a lab experiment on the hamsters. Quantitative research is used to investigate research questions by producing numerical output of data which are quantifiable to interpret the results. The research is a conformity rather than exploratory because earlier research evidence is available on the impact of drugs on the hamsters. Because the research scope does not allow the qualitative methodology to directly measure the impact of drug on hamsters leaving the possibility for Quantitative method. Lab experimental method is conducting the study in which the investigator has little bias in deriving the out put. The output is the result of direct outcome from the involvement of subjects and variables. By allowing the collection of primary data, the method reduces the subjectivity of the researc her by limiting the direct influence in the outcome. The primary data collection also provides metrics to derive the cause and impact mechanism through step wise reactions that can be observed during the experiment. Here the sample population of subjects is taken as Hamsters. And the independent variable is the specific drug. The Lab experiment gives the opportunity to collect the primary data and hence care is taken to collect the data by proper design and setup and errors can be avoided by repetitive measurements. The sample hamsters are taken from male species and are of the age of 1 year old to maintain homogeneity of the sample. In order to prove the study for originality and reliability the sample number of population is considered for 5 in number and the specific drug is taken which has proven and direct and quick reaction on animals to conduct the experiment. The instrumentation used to conduct the lab experiment are, Specific drug, food to mix the drug, a feeding bowl, timer to record the activity and sleep levels of hamsters and timesheets to note the timings of activity levels of hamsters. Experiment Procedure: The hamsters will be fed with the food mixed with specific drug at certain dosage levels and are observed for the time of activity levels after eating the food. The feeding time and the time for which the hamsters are awake will be noted down. Any symptoms of the abnormal behavior like vomiting or rashes or redness or dumbness will also be noted down during the time. Then the sleeping time and wakening times of hamsters will also be noted down. In order to have a clear comparison, such timings will be observed continuously for a week before without administering the drug. This is considered as pre testament observation or the specific drug and the hamsters will be

Analyzing the impact of Confucianism on customer behaviour and Essay

Analyzing the impact of Confucianism on customer behaviour and perception of western brands - Essay Example 150). There were attempts to eliminate Confucian thinking in China during the periods of Cultural Revolution, but these attempts were not successful. Confucian thinking and doctrines have profoundly impacted today’s China to have had resurgence and to become very important part of Chinese persona. Chinese culture has been influenced by the Confucian thinking about leading a virtuous life. Confucian thoughts are basically built on three principles; 1) humaneness and loving an individual’s personality, 2) morality and uprightness, and 3) rites and ritual propriety. These three principles are complemented by the five pairs of social roles that are recognized as the basic cultural relationship between individuals. These relations are; between father and son, between the ruler and the subject, between the older and young, between spouses and between friends (Gallo, 2011, p. 43). Confucianism perceived family as the centre of all relationships and the family has been viewed a s the basic unit. In contrast to the Western business culture that is either fact-based or transaction-based, Chinese business culture is based on valued relationship and personal networks. Guanxi- the Chinese term used by Confucianism literature to denote relationship- gave greater emphasis on friendly relation between two persons based on favour-exchange, and therefore, literatures stressed that the exchange of favour is at the heart Guanxi. (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2010, p. 150). Confucianism’s principles of interpersonal relationship and other doctrines are perceived to impact the consumer behaviour of Chinese people and their attitude towards western brands too. Impact of... As China has become an attractive and emerging marketplace and that it consist major portion of world’s total population, the Chinese consumer and his behaviour have been major focuses in the literature of international consumer behaviour. Culture is regarded as a significant determinant of consumer behaviour and cultural values are found to play vital roles in influencing consumers in their buying behaviour. China is a rapidly emerging market and global brands are studying about the potentiality of Chinese market in terms of investment, consumption, employment, and attitude and buying behaviour. Chinese culture is mainly influenced by Confucianism. This piece of research paper has analyzed the impact of Confucianism on the buying behaviour and perception about foreign brands. Various literatures stressed that Confucianism has profoundly impacted the buying behaviour because Confucianism emphasized harmonious relationship between different people and this caused people to show different attitudes toward different products. This paper concluded that Chinese people are quite thrifty and are found to show prestige since men have to strongly impress wives to maintain better relationship.

The financial ratios of Rolls Royce and its major competitors Essay

The financial ratios of Rolls Royce and its major competitors - Essay Example According to the research findings every business, no matter small or large, constantly evaluates its company’s performance by comparing it with competitors, industry and its own past performance. In order to do so, businesses not only look at the figures of sales, profit and costs but also prepare other criterion for measuring performance which helps in reading between the lines of financial statements. The most widely known and reliable approach of evaluating a firm’s performance is by calculating and comparing its financial ratios. The basic reason for doing so is because this information is understandable for every person who has some level of knowledge of financial concepts. By comparing the ratios with the competitor of the firm or with its past performance, a clear idea can be obtained. For this purpose, the company which has been chosen is Roll Royce. It is a diversified company having its operations in the field of aerospace, nuclear market, civil defense and m arine and energy. It was founded in 1971 and has its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. Activity Ratio also called as Liquidity Ratio helps a firm in determining the ability of a firm to meet its current liabilities. Activity Ratio is that investment or cash which is used to pay off the short term debts as well as expenses. Current Ratio is determines whether the firm has enough liquidity to pay off its expenses and short term debt. Theoretically, if current ratio is around 2.00 then it is considered as the most preferable. This ratio possesses huge consideration because if this ratio is declining it means that the cash position of the company is getting eroded. For that reason, the quickest way which can increase cash is increasing the amount of sales. Quick Ratio This ratio is also known as Acid Test Ratio. This ratio determines that if inventories are excluded, then is the firm able to pay off its short term expenses? Quick ratio is usually preferable if it is 1 or near to 1 . If this number is decreasing, then it means that enough sales are not being generated to pay off the short term debt or day to day expenses. In order to improve such situation, intervention regarding Quick Cash Management is required. Net Working Capital to Sales This ratio determines the company’s performance in relation to its sales, after meeting the short term obligations or liabilities, Efficiency Ratio Efficiency ratio determines the efficiency of a business or in other words, how well the business operations are conducted. These ratios determine how well and quickly the company collects its accounts receivables, how quickly the inventory moves and how much sales are generated by the company’s assets. Efficiency ratios include: Inventory Turnover Receivable Turnover Payable Turnover Days Inventory in hand Debtors Collection Period Creditors Payment Period Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover ratio determines the total turnovers of inventory. This ratio determi nes the efficiency of inventory management. If inventory turnover ratio is higher, then it means that firm is really efficient in rolling over its inventory. However, in some cases high inventory turnover ratio also means that firm doesn’t have enough inventories on its hand and therefore losing its sales.

SUSTAINABILITY AND PROFITABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN Thesis

SUSTAINABILITY AND PROFITABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA - Thesis Example Such organizations are able to grant small micro loans to members of the lower class who can both demonstrate a need and a means to pay back the loan. In addition, the findings of this report indicate that microfinance institutions are beginning to provide needed financial services to help individuals begin to save and get themselves on the path towards financial independence. At the same time, microfinance institutions in Nigeria are facing difficult challenges to their own sustainability and profitability moving forward, so the recommendations contained in this study are designed to push the institution in a more successful future. Throughout the world, it has become increasingly noticeable in recent decades that the gap between the developed and developing nations of the world continues to widen to an almost unfathomable proportion. This truth is not only been seen from an individual wage earner’s perspective, as it is truly a regional and global economic phenomenon1. In an increasingly competitive, modern, and globally connected society, developing nations are often left behind in the movement towards progress and economic expansion. With this reality in mind, it can be seen that the gap is now increasing almost exponentially, with individuals and businesses in the poorest regions of the world left wondering how they will ever find the financial and human capital necessary to improve upon and provide for their own eventual economic freedom2. It is no secret that much of the world has been concerned over the course of the past century with the amount of poverty that is existent in various parts of the globe, and how the rate of poverty seems to only be increasing. Consider the abject poverty and poor economic infrastructure that has been endemic to the countries of West Africa for all of the modern era. One of the primary reasons limiting economic expansion in countries such as Nigeria is that basic lack of access

The financial ratios of Rolls Royce and its major competitors Essay

The financial ratios of Rolls Royce and its major competitors - Essay Example According to the research findings every business, no matter small or large, constantly evaluates its company’s performance by comparing it with competitors, industry and its own past performance. In order to do so, businesses not only look at the figures of sales, profit and costs but also prepare other criterion for measuring performance which helps in reading between the lines of financial statements. The most widely known and reliable approach of evaluating a firm’s performance is by calculating and comparing its financial ratios. The basic reason for doing so is because this information is understandable for every person who has some level of knowledge of financial concepts. By comparing the ratios with the competitor of the firm or with its past performance, a clear idea can be obtained. For this purpose, the company which has been chosen is Roll Royce. It is a diversified company having its operations in the field of aerospace, nuclear market, civil defense and m arine and energy. It was founded in 1971 and has its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. Activity Ratio also called as Liquidity Ratio helps a firm in determining the ability of a firm to meet its current liabilities. Activity Ratio is that investment or cash which is used to pay off the short term debts as well as expenses. Current Ratio is determines whether the firm has enough liquidity to pay off its expenses and short term debt. Theoretically, if current ratio is around 2.00 then it is considered as the most preferable. This ratio possesses huge consideration because if this ratio is declining it means that the cash position of the company is getting eroded. For that reason, the quickest way which can increase cash is increasing the amount of sales. Quick Ratio This ratio is also known as Acid Test Ratio. This ratio determines that if inventories are excluded, then is the firm able to pay off its short term expenses? Quick ratio is usually preferable if it is 1 or near to 1 . If this number is decreasing, then it means that enough sales are not being generated to pay off the short term debt or day to day expenses. In order to improve such situation, intervention regarding Quick Cash Management is required. Net Working Capital to Sales This ratio determines the company’s performance in relation to its sales, after meeting the short term obligations or liabilities, Efficiency Ratio Efficiency ratio determines the efficiency of a business or in other words, how well the business operations are conducted. These ratios determine how well and quickly the company collects its accounts receivables, how quickly the inventory moves and how much sales are generated by the company’s assets. Efficiency ratios include: Inventory Turnover Receivable Turnover Payable Turnover Days Inventory in hand Debtors Collection Period Creditors Payment Period Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover ratio determines the total turnovers of inventory. This ratio determi nes the efficiency of inventory management. If inventory turnover ratio is higher, then it means that firm is really efficient in rolling over its inventory. However, in some cases high inventory turnover ratio also means that firm doesn’t have enough inventories on its hand and therefore losing its sales.

Business Strategies of the USA and UK concerning Iraq and Afghanistan Essay

Business Strategies of the USA and UK concerning Iraq and Afghanistan - Essay Example The banks faced the consequences of believing that the credit boom will go on forever which resulted in banks giving more and more â€Å"suicide loans† ranging to 120% of the house value (Macwhirter, 2008). The regulators like Financial Services Authority (UK) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US) were unable to track the situation. They were in the awe of the banking sector and interpreted they knew what they were doing but their interpretation received a jolt as soon as the financial world was engulfed by the web of recession.The Banking crisis affected almost all the countries in the world but there were some exceptions like, if we look at the Indian Banking Sector, we will see it crunched a bit at the time of the crisis, but it stood firm after that. Indian financial sector’s huge dependency on US was evident that it would be largely affected by the crisis. Many were of view that the effect would be huge. It was told that the banking sector would suffer , as the companies and the household sector in India definitely felt the pinch of the crisis in the US. (Rammohan, 2010). But unlike the US and UK the Indian banks were stronger in dealing with the situation and succeeded in it. Firstly, it was due to the ability to maintain spreads- return on advance minus cost of funds. The Indian banks have been able to do so because of the high proportion of current and savings account (Casa) deposits. The current accounts have zero interest payment and savings account has a low interest payment on them. This way the banks have been able to minimize the cost. Secondly, the banks have been able to generate income from fee-based services such as sale of mutual funds and insurance products. The large untapped customer base helps to increase the income of the banks. Thirdly, the slowdown has not resulted in the increase of provisions in the rising NPAs. The deceleration of growth rate of 9% to 7% is not a disaster. The Indian companies entered the s lowdown with solid financials, which was not a bubble like that of the US. It was more of a genuine case of higher growth and demand. Fourthly, the Indian banks invested in Government securities in good proportions, which helped in maintaining profit levels at the times of crisis.

Imagine you are Directing Essay Example for Free

Imagine you are Directing Essay Introduction I intend to study the Crucible by Arthur Miller. I will be looking at act 3, through the eyes of a director. The character I will mainly be focusing on is Abigail Williams, a late teen who had committed adultery with the well thought of, John Proctor. The play was written in 1952 and was an allegory of the political state of America under the supervision of Senator Joseph McCarthy. The play was set in 1692 in a god-fearing, puritan village that was isolated in the east of Massachusetts. This play is based upon the Salem witchcraft trials, two centuries before the book was written and therefore the location of the play was thought of to be masking the anti-communist message it was portraying. The basis of the play is of a group of young female teens that had danced in the woods within the hours of darkness. Yet because of the beliefs that these acts were closely related to witchcraft, the readings of the bible would instruct them to hang all those who participated. Yet to avoid their own prosecution the blame was passed to many innocent people, including a West Indian slave, who because of her colour and belief in spells was an easy target and another was the wife of John Proctor. John himself then becomes the main suspicion of practicing witchcraft after the tables are turned once again. He was asked to give names of those he knows of having connections with the devil to save his own life, he refused to answer their questions as did Miller when he was summoned before McCarthys House Un-American Activities Committee. This was very similar to the condition of America around the early 1950s when the country was in a situation of corruption. Many innocent people had come to a gritty end, after scapegoats that were part of McCarthys House Un-American Activities Committee, could prove them guilty on the flimsiest of evidence. Stage Design I have chosen the below layout because I believe it gives the best possible chance for all of the characters to be seen and heard clearly throughout this act. Dramatic Techniques As a director the dramatic techniques of Miller Display complete essay The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Concepts and Definitions in Operational Management

Concepts and Definitions in Operational Management Question 1: Answer: OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT Operational management refers to managing the operations of an organization. Managing the operations means to manage the resources and follow the policies and procedures of any organization. The basic and most important operation of management is to process the inputs into outputs to get desired results. The meaning of operational management contains words i.e. resources, systems, conversion or transformation and outputs. (Business) These words can be explained as :- RESOURCESResources are the man, material and money in the organization. Man or staff is the major or key requirement in an organization. Material is also very important because without availability of material production cannot be possible. And money or capital is required for hiring staff and for purchasing the raw material so that the raw material can be converted into finished products through production. SYSTEMS There is a system which every company has to follow. Every organization has some policies and procedures which helps the organization to achieve their goals and helps in profit maximization. If the work done in an organization is according to the plan then it helps in attaining the goal of the company. Planning is the first and important step of management. Without planning no other function can be performed in an organization. CONVERSION Conversion means converted the inputs (i.e. the raw material) into outputs (i.e. finished goods). In an organization raw material can be converted into work in progress and then into finished goods. When the material is transformated from inputs to outputs then this process is known as productivity. OUTPUTS Outputs are the final results which each organization gets after conversion of inputs into finished products. If the value of outputs is greater than the cost of inputs used then we can say that the value is added to product hence the output helps in increasing profits of company. (outputs) THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF OPERATIONS :- CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONThe basic objective of operating systems is to satisfy the customers by giving them better products at low cost and by giving them better services than other companies . Consumers can be satisfied if the products are not too costly and available on time. (Understanding operations management) RESOURCE UTILISATIONAnother major objective of operating systems is to utilize resources for the satisfaction of customer wants effectively. Customer service must be provided with the achievement of effective operations through efficient use of resources. Inefficient use of resources or inadequate customer service leads to commercial failure of an operating system. EFFICIENCY Another objective of operational management is efficiency. Efficiency is must in every organization .Higher efficiency helps in less wastage of resources. If the resources are not wasted then it will lead to less per unit cost of production. Efficiency helps in specialization of staff. QUALITY Quality is also another important objective of operational management. Every customer wants a product which is very good in quality and also with less cost. Quality helps in satisfying the customers and if the customer is satisfied then effective relation can be build between consumers and organization. ADAPTABILITY if the quantity and quality of the product is upto the mark and also the price of the product is affordable then that product is survived in long run that means the product helps for future survival of the company. Question 2: Answer:   Production means step-by-step conversion of raw material into work in progress and from work in progress into finished goods. Production is an important and essential function of any organization. Without doing production no organization can survive or remain existing. CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMProduction systems can be classified as Job-shop, Batch, Mass and Continuous production systems. Job-Shop Production: When only one product or a few quantity of products are manufactured and the product which are produced is as per the specification given by the customers then that type of production is known as Job shop production. (products-services) Advantages: It helps in availability of more variety of products. It helps in improving the skills of the employees. More creative ideas of employees can be used in this method of production system. Limitations More staff is required as the productiin is few. High time consumed in less production. Production planning is complicated. More wastage of resources resulting in higher per unit cost of production. Batch Production : When the production is done in lots or batches then this productionis known as batch production. In this type of production the lots are not producing continuously but in limited quantity. (production-system) Advantages Cost per unit is low. Batch production helps in job satisfaction.   It helps in better utilization of resources. It requires low investments for production as the production is not done in bulk quantity. Limitations Handling of material is very difficult. More material is required hence more wastage of resources. Mass Production : When the production is done in bulk quantity and continuous then that type of production is known as mass production. In this type of production the machines are arranged in a line. Advantages Per unit cost of every production is low. Less time is consumed in producing bulk quantity. With less material quantity higher production can be done. Mass production helps in less wastage of resources.   Limitations Mass production requires higher investments and resources. If the machine used in producing bulk quantity is damaged or breakdown then whole production line will be stopped. Continuous Production : When the production is done continuously   i.e. the production starts from using the raw material and ends with finished products. This type of production is done when the handling of material is fully automated. (continuous-production-system) Advantages Less time is consumed in producing more units. It helps in more utilization of available resources. It helps in less wastage of resources. Per unit cost is low in continuous production. Disadvantages It requires very high investment. If manufacturer want to do any change in any product then it is not posdible. Question 3: After critically evaluating the key operational levers, discuss which can be applied to management of service operations of Ryanair for the proactive management of customer experience. [ 15 Marks] Answer:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is a lever? levers are initiatives that a client can undertake in order to drive the desired impact.   There is usually a limitless number of things a company can consider trying in order to improve their business. (Industry week) Five key levers to productivity improvement every day There are Five key levers for every day improvement. These levers can be explained as : 1. Cost structure Cost structure is a method of determine how much it will cost a company to manufacture a product and how much profit will be recognized from manufacturing a product. It is very important to structure or manage the cost. So that the per unit cost of a product decreases and profit from that product increases. If the cost of the final output is more than the cost of the input then it can be said that the value is added to the product. 2. Organization of work In any organization if the working of the organization is according to the plans and policies then this also helps in better utilization of resources and helps in achieving of organizational goals. This helps in restructuring of an organization. (aggregate-sales-and-operations-planning) 3. Business processes Business process is a collection of related structured activities that produce a specific product for a particular customer. This lever contains work as a team and if the employees of the company are worked together without any chaos then it helps in improving the position of business because it is very important for every organization to work in cordinating with the employees. 4. Knowledge management Knowledge management means managing the knowledge and information of an organization. Knowledge management helps in improving the performance of the company. With this lever an organization can do more innovations results in providing better products to consumers than their competitives. It also helps in continuous improvement of the organization. 5. Information Technology (IT) It is the application of computers to store,study and manipulate the data or information of the business. Business need to take charge of this lever and starts IT in its process. IT helps in storing and saving the data or information of any enterprise and that information can be used whenever it is required. This will help in reducing paper work in the organization. CONCLUSION There are several levers which helps in improving everyday business works. These levers has to be integrated into business as soon as possible to drive the desired impact. These levers helps in achieving of organization objectives efficiently and effectively and improves the working of the organization. References aggregate-sales-and-operations-planning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://museum-madness.blogspot.co.nz/2011/12/aggregate-sales-and-operations-planning.html Business. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/business/textbooks/boundless-business-textbook/operations-management-10/introduction-to-operations-management-69/a-study-of-process-328-7195/: https://www.boundless.com/business/textbooks/boundless-business-textbook/operations-management-10/introduction-to-operations-management-69/a-study-of-process-328-7195/ continuous-production-system. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://kalyan-city.blogspot.co.nz/2012/02/types-of-continuous-production-system.html Industry week. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.industryweek.com/growth-strategies/levers-mastering-margins outputs. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-management/management/leadership-and-management/understanding-operations-management/content-section-3.3 production-system. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://kalyan-city.blogspot.co.nz/2012/02/what-is-production-system-definition.html products-services. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.archives.gov/preservation/products/definitions/products-services.html Understanding operations management. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-management/management/leadership-and-management/understanding-operations-management/content-section-3.4

Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers

The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, which was published in March 1981 by Bantam Books in New York, New York is a funny piece of work about twenty- nine characters and their stories while on their way to Canterbury. The twenty-nine characters have to tell two stories on their trip to Canterbury. In the Wife of Bath tale, the wife of bath tells of a tale of a young knight, the central character in the story. After he raped a woman, he must roam the countryside in search to the answer to the question â€Å"what is it that women most desire?† This is the plot, for he must find the answer in order to live. The knight only has one year to get to answer this question and then he has to return to King Arthur’s court and await his sentence. The setting is in King Arthur’s court when a young man saw a pretty maiden and raped her. The King was going to sentence him to death but the Queen decided to give him one year to answer the question . The story is told from the Wife of Bath’s point of view for she is narrating the story. So the conflict, being that he has to find the answer, is established. The knight’s journey does not go well. Finally on the last day that he has, he comes up to a group of women, as he approaches they disappear and an old woman appears. This part is the climax of the plot because it is when the knight finally knows the answer. The old woman says that she knows the answer but she will only tell it to the Queen and in return she must do anything that she asks of him. The knight agrees. Finally, while in the presence of the Queen, she tells her that the answer to what all women desire is sovereignty over their husbands. No one disagrees with her answer and so the old woman asks that she be married to the knight. The knight having sworn to do whatever she pleased reluctantly agrees. But this is not the resolution. It happens later on while on their wedding night. The knight is somewhat disgusted and so the old woman goes on to lecture him on the trivial nature of appearances. She tells the knight whether he would prefer to have a woman ugly by day, yet loyal and faithful the rest of the time or to be beautiful and take his chances the rest of the time.

Giving Credit Essay

Abstract In this assignment we compare the lives of two men that created inventions that changed the world we live in. Throughout their careers and success’ they had hurdles to jump and become innovative thinkers to create futures in their challenging industry. Great men and thinkers can move mountains and open paths to new industries. Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due As entrepreneurs in a growing world of technology and change Andy Grove and Michael Dell pioneered the industry. They were innovators, visionaries and industry leaders in their fields. Andy Grove envisioned change to create faster and more productive ways to utilize the way we process information. As an immigrant he passed through the walls of terror in his home country of Hungry which was facing many issues of destruction that the Nazi’s enforced. He fled to the United States in the 1960’s to create a better life and future for himself. Andy established a small company that he called Intel which created an immense new future for the computer technology. His contributions awarded him the esteem acknowledgement as Time Magazine’s person of the year. He pursued his dreams as all inventors to create products and progress in the ever-changing need for new technology. Andy Grove created the chip and the microprocessor that allowed information to be processed much faster and smaller in size. Mr. Dell also an inventor at an early age set up a laboratory in his dorm room while attending college to create his personal computer. His success with the personal computer caught on quick because he used a direct theory to include his customer in the structure of his product. Michael Dell believed that understanding his customer’s needs and issues would enable Dell to create good competitive products. He believed that cutting the middlemen out of the sales market would allow him that advantage. With that direct approach Dell was able to endure many obstacles as well as the recession that created market crashes in the early 2000’s. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business) Both Andy Grove and Michael Dell endured much criticism from competitors  because of their business approach and products and business logic. Mr. Grove instilled paranoia in his corporate CEOs so that they could become fearful of being caught off guard. Mr. Dell used his customers to create standards that would give him the leading edge over his competitors. Both were accused of manipulating the industry and deceiving the product consumers. Intel was accused of creating an inferior product that put fear into the consumer to believe the chips that were being used would create disastrous failures to the products who endorsed his chip. Dell had a simple approach to create sales and marketing by lowering the cost of his product by cutting out the middlemen which made him more competitive and viable to sustain the economic downfalls. His competitors accused him of lowering his cost so as to drive the market sales away from the non profitable companies. Both Mr. Grove and Mr. Dell used simple methods to approach the needs and creativity of the growing markets. Andy Grove made sure that being too comfortable with the products that his company offered just wasn’t going to be enough. He looked ahead to keep creating new products that would soon be replaced by a growing need for better technology. Mr. Dell never doubted his approach to keep his overhead down and modeled his success on a customer based product. He believed creating his product for the customers rather than just offering his product without realizing their valuable input. Their similarities are based on what the customer and technology needs to sustain a profitable and sustainable future. They share innovative ideas in product development and customer based satisfaction. They differed by the way each approached the markets, Intel needed to create a superior product sooner and more often to keep up with changing technologies. Dell used the customer to create products based on the user need. Each approached their core values of business and what works for them to create value and sustainability. Dell had the market share by using the internet to generate sales through machine to machine based sales and conserved his manpower to keep the cost of his product low. Intel spent many hours of research and product development to create new and innovative ground breaking products that led the industry standards. Mr. Grove believed that being complacent would drive him out of the industry and eventually close the doors. He encouraged his CEOs to listen to his sales team to find out the needs of the customers Andy Grove referred to those individuals as â€Å"Cassandra’s† that would pass on valuable customer feedback. His pushes to create paranoia made Intel strong and create rather than become comfortable because Grove feared that waiting for the market to fail made Intel week. Mr. Dell believed that his customers gave him the strength to survive and customize his business to their needs. Dell never overstocked and always built their product to order. Dell realized that over burdening their inventory would devastate their ability to keep costs down. Dell learned from their mistakes like the Olympic brand which compromised the need of customers and their ability to utilize technology threatened the Dell line of products. Dell made efforts to speak to the public and hear what they had to say and put that information into their products. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business) Both of these pioneers created a wealth of knowledge and bridged the technology industry to what is today. Innovation is the foundation of the industry and creating new and exciting products that can be user friendly and affordable make profits. Both of these two companies are very profitable and determined to create intelligent and appealing industries. The changing markets constantly demand new and better technologies that will enable us to accelerate computer speeds and retain more memory without absorbing higher prices and engineering. References American Psychological Association. 2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business)

Foundation and Empire 6. The Favorite

The tiny ships had appeared out of the vacant depths and darted into the midst of the Armada. Without a shot or a burst of energy, they weaved through the ship-swollen area, then blasted on and out, while the Imperial wagons turned after them like lumbering beasts. There were two noiseless flares that pinpointed space as two of the tiny gnats shriveled in atomic disintegration, and the rest were gone. The great ships searched, then returned to their original task, and world by world, the great web of the Enclosure continued. Brodrig's uniform was stately; carefully tailored and as carefully worn. His walk through the gardens of the obscure planet Wanda, now temporary Imperial headquarters, was leisurely; his expression was somber. Bel Riose walked with him, his field uniform open at the collar, and doleful in its monotonous gray-black. Riose indicated the smooth black bench under the fragrant tree-fern whose large spatulate leaves lifted flatly against the white sun. â€Å"See that, sir. It is a relic of the Imperium. The ornamented benches, built for lovers, linger on, fresh and useful, while the factories and the palaces collapse into unremembered ruin.† He seated himself, while Cleon II's Privy Secretary stood erect before him and clipped the leaves above neatly with precise swings of his ivory staff. Riose crossed his legs and offered a cigarette to the other. He fingered one himself as he spoke, â€Å"It is what one would expect from the enlightened wisdom of His Imperial Majesty to send so competent an observer as yourself. It relieves any anxiety I might have felt that the press of more important and more immediate business might perhaps force into the shadows a small campaign on the Periphery.† â€Å"The eyes of the Emperor are everywhere,† said Brodrig, mechanically. â€Å"We do not underestimate the importance of the campaign; yet still it would seem that too great an emphasis is being placed upon its difficulty. Surely their little ships are no such barrier that we must move through the intricate preliminary maneuver of an Enclosure.† Riose flushed, but he maintained his equilibrium. â€Å"I can not risk the lives of my men, who are few enough, or the destruction of my ships which are irreplaceable, by a too-rash attack. The establishment of an Enclosure will quarter my casualties in the ultimate attack, howsoever difficult it be. The military reasons for that I took the liberty to explain yesterday.† â€Å"Well, well, I am not a military man. In this case, you assure me that what seems patently and obviously right is, in reality, wrong. We will allow that. Yet your caution shoots far beyond that. In your second communication, you requested reinforcements. And these, against an enemy poor, small, and barbarous, with whom you have had not one' skirmish at the time. To desire more forces under the circumstances would savor almost of incapacity or worse, had not your earlier career given sufficient proof of your boldness and imagination.† â€Å"I thank you,† said the general, coldly, â€Å"but I would remind you that there is a difference between boldness and blindness. There is a place for a decisive gamble when you know your enemy and can calculate the risks at least roughly; but to move at all against an unknown enemy is boldness in itself. You might as well ask why the same man sprints safely across an obstacle course in the day, and falls over the furniture in his room at night.† Brodrig swept away the other's words with a neat flirt of the fingers. â€Å"Dramatic, but not satisfactory. You have been to this barbarian world yourself. You have in addition this enemy prisoner you coddle, this trader. Between yourself and the prisoner you are not in a night fog.† â€Å"No? I pray you to remember that a world which has developed in isolation for two centuries can not be interpreted to the point of intelligent attack by a month's visit. I am a soldier, not a cleft-chinned, barrel-chested hero of a subetheric trimensional thriller. Nor can a single prisoner, and one who is an obscure member of an economic group which has no close connection with the enemy world introduce me to all the inner secrets of enemy strategy.† â€Å"You have questioned him?† â€Å"I have.† â€Å"Well?† â€Å"It has been useful, but not vitally so. His ship is tiny, of no account. He sells little toys which are amusing if nothing else. I have a few of the cleverest which I intend sending to the Emperor as curiosities. Naturally, there is a good deal about the ship and its workings which I do not understand, but then I am not a tech-man.† â€Å"But you have among you those who are,† pointed out Brodrig. â€Å"I, too, am aware of that,† replied the general in faintly caustic tones. â€Å"But the fools have far to go before they could meet my needs. I have already sent for clever men who can understand the workings of the odd nuclear field-circuits the ship contains. I have received no answer.† â€Å"Men of that type can not be spared, general. Surely, there must be one man of your vast province who understands nucleics.† â€Å"Were there such a one, I would have him heal the limping, invalid motors that power two of my small fleet of ships. Two ships of my meager ten that can not fight a major battle for lack of sufficient power supply. One fifth of my force condemned to the carrion activity of consolidating positions behind the lines.† The secretary's fingers fluttered impatiently. â€Å"Your position is not unique in that respect, general. The Emperor has similar troubles.† The general threw away his shredded, never-lit cigarette, lit another, and shrugged. â€Å"Well, it is beside the immediate point, this lack of first-class tech-men. Except that I might have made more progress with my prisoner were my Psychic Probe in proper order.† The secretary's eyebrows lifted. â€Å"You have a Probe?† â€Å"An old one. A superannuated one which fails me the one time I needed it. I set it up during the prisoner's sleep, and received nothing. So much for the Probe. I have tried it on my own men and the reaction is quite proper, but again there is not one among my staff of tech-men who can tell me why it fails upon the prisoner. Ducem Barr, who is a theoretician of parts, though no mechanic, says the psychic structure of the prisoner may be unaffected by the Probe since from childhood he has been subjected to alien environments and neural stimuli. I don't know. But he may yet be useful. I save him in that hope.† Brodrig leaned on his staff. A shall see if a specialist is available in the capital. In the meanwhile, what of this other man you just mentioned, this Siwennian? You keep too many enemies in your good graces.† â€Å"He knows the enemy. He, too, I keep for future reference and the help he may afford me.† â€Å"But he is a Siwennian and the son of a proscribed rebel.† â€Å"He is old and powerless, and his family acts as hostage.† â€Å"I see. Yet I think that I should speak to this trader, myself.† â€Å"Certainly.† â€Å"Alone,† the secretary added coldly, making his point. â€Å"Certainly,† repeated Riose, blandly. â€Å"As a loyal subject of the Emperor, I accept his personal representative as my superior. However, since the trader is at the permanent base, you will have to leave the front areas at an interesting moment.† â€Å"Yes? Interesting in what way?† â€Å"Interesting in that the Enclosure is complete today. Interesting in that within the week, the Twentieth Fleet of the Border advances inward towards the core of resistance.† Riose smiled and turned away. In a vague way, Brodrig felt punctured.

“I am not that woman” by Kishwar Naheed Essay

Kishwar Naheed, a contemporary Urdu Pakistani poet was born in 1940 in a Syed family of Uttar Pradesh, India. She moved to Pakistan during the partition of sub-continent in 1947. Settling down in the conservative environment of Pakistan, she had to struggle in order to get education. She studied at home and received a high school diploma and went on to receive a Masters degree in Economics from Punjab University. She won many prizes which are a proof of her high literary status. She achieved this high standing in the literary world because of the uncensored voicing of her fight against her society. Being a part of the partition of subcontinent, Naheed witnessed harassment against women and its effect is greatly reflected as we see women subjugation the main focus of Naheed’s poetry. Naheed’s poems â€Å"I Am Not That Woman† and â€Å"The Grass Is Really Like Me† voice the lack of dignity and respect felt by the females and how they come to terms with it. Feminism being Naheed’s forte is the main theme of the two poems. Naheed highlights how females are reduced to mere objects of use with their emotions put aside, are used for physical satiation, thus puts forward the theme of Commodification. Though robbed off the right of opinion by men she still hopes for a better life with equal rights to men introducing the theme of Optimism in her poems. Fathers, brothers and husbands being responsible for the suppressed life a female spends as they are her disloyal guardians and killers of her freedom as well, gives way to the theme of Male Chauvinism. Though making an effort of trying to rise and throwing away the shackles that confine their movement some weak women surrender themselves in the hands of the society thus allowing it to control their life, displaying the theme of Reification in one of the two poems. Naheed very skillfully has made use of poetic devices like Connotation, Symbols, Metaphors and Personification to heighten the impact of her message in the two poems. Discrimination on the part of women was the focus of her attention but apart from being the witness to the violence done to women in the partition of subcontinent, the unjustness on the part of women in the Zia regime was also a reason of her women subjugation being her main focus. General Zia ul Haq’s military dictatorship, Martial Law which lasted from 1977 to 1988 profoundly shaped Naheed’s protest against the undue subjugation that was  contrived on the bases of State-regulation of women’s bodies and sexualities under Zia’s application of the Hudud Ordinances beginning in 1979. Women were deprived of their due rights and even though the ordinance appeared to safeguard women from harassment, the passing of the Law of Evidence in 1983 reduced a woman’s testimony in a court of law to half the value of a man and the implications of such laws on women are worth exploring briefly because in matters of rape and sexual violence (zina) women were profoundly affected. Even if, as Anita Weiss (1985) notes in her study of the women’s movement in Pakistan, the punishment meted out to offenders of zina regardless of sex was constitutionally the same (p. 8), since women’s power of testimony in zina cases was inadmissible in court, the legislation of zina in fact had serious gender biases built into it. Anita Weiss in her article â€Å"Women in Pakistan: Implications of the Current Program of Islamization† tells that when women were convicted for zina offences there was little room for appeal; men, by the same token, were by and large acquitted. While the Hudud Ordinances would have severe repercussions for women’s social standing in Pakistan, this moment in Pakistani political history between the years of 1977-1988 would mark, for the first time, women’s direct participation and protest against the state’s regulation of the hadd (singular of hudud) punishments especially as it concerned women’s bodies and sexualities. Zia ul Haq came up with such laws to cause a step-by-step reduction of women’s power in matters of economic, legal, and educational representation. Confining women to their houses did not stop women like Naheed. She in her own ways through her poetry protested against the authorities and the baseless laws passed out under the Zia regime. Though back then open protest against the authorities was considered illegal, Naheed was unstoppable in voicing her point. Fearless Naheed reached out to all women and not to a particular class and her poetry jolted the complacency in her peo ple as she showed mirror to the men and shook them in their seats as their injustice towards women was captured by Naheed in poetry for public viewing. Poetry written for a cause reached out to the hearts of many. â€Å"I am not that woman† and â€Å"The grass is really like me† are such examples. â€Å"I am not that woman† is about women addressing the males of the society. She is drawing a line between herself and the  degraded women who appear in advertisements and their beauty is used as a tool of selling the products. She says I am a respectable woman who won’t allow her to get insulted by men. She says that even though the men make them stay imprisoned within the four walls of their house, while they enjoy life roaming free as breeze, even then a woman cannot be silenced and she would speak for her rights. She also says that her husband has suppressed her under the constraints of baseless traditions and used her for lovemaking and to bear children who grow up to disrespect their mothers equally but still it won’t stop her from shining and that this oppression cannot mar her hopes of a life that she deserves. Parents are also accused of marrying off their daughters just to  feel free of a burden and to fulfill their duty but she says that the actual need is not only fulfilling duties but to change to conservative mindset of the society which presently do not seem to change. The very first stanza implies the theme of ‘Feminism’ being highlighted as the opening of the poem has a very declarative tone to it and a tone which tells men to keep her separate from the insulted girls in advertisements â€Å"selling you shoes and socks†. Further it forms the picture of a woman who is confined within the four walls of her house while her husband is allowed to have all the freedom of the world as it tells that he roamed â€Å"free as the breeze†. As Kishwar Naheed is known to give voice to the voiceless women so the theme of this very first paragraph seems very familiar to any Asian reader. The reason is that it has described the very dilemma that women of the Asian societies have to face that is they are taught and expected the whole of their lives to stay within the boundaries of her house because of the culture that prevails which does not allow women any progress and freewill. The message put forward in the very start of the poem has a feminist approach as feminism talks of the downtrodden males and females in a society but mainly it advocates the idea of inferior position of females. Though the woman is suppressed still she gives out a message that nothing can keep her from getting her rights. Here the theme of ‘Optimism’ is seen as Kishwar Naheed has put forward the picture of a suppressed woman has been stated already but the oppression has not been able to beat down the hope that sooner or later she would be able to enjoy the life of free will that she deserves as  she says in the first stanza that â€Å"†¦my voice cannot be smothered by sto nes† and she says in the second stanza also that â€Å"I am the one in whose lap you picked flowers†¦planted thorns and embers†¦cannot smother my fragrance†. It tells that even though her husband stole away all the happiness in her life and all she got in return of the suffering were disrespectful children but even they won’t be able to stop her from rising. It’s the males which prevent females from rising further in the poem the theme of ‘Male Chauvinism’ also surfaces. This is a very common feature of the Asian societies that no matter how uncultured and disloyal the male head of family is it is still his orders that are carried out and all the rules and regulations according to the social conventions are to be followed by the women and none of them apply to a male as it says â€Å"I am the one you crushed with the weight if custom and tradition†. Women completely crushed are merely reduced to objects of use thus giving space to the theme of ‘Commodification’ in the poem. The theme of Commodification is also very clear in the poem. Commodification refers to the concept where an individual’s value is reduced merely to that of an object of use plus its feeling are not taken care of as it says â€Å"I am the woman whom you bought and sold in the name of my own chastity†. She considers their marriage as a deal where his husband got hold of her in the form of a loyal object pure from inside without even thinking that she suffered loss in this deal as she did not get a partner she deserved. At another point she says that â€Å"I am the commodity you traded in, my chastity, my motherhood, my loyalty.† She says that her husband had been making unjust use of her goodness and that she still kept on being a good wife and a mother disregarding the fact that his husband never made an attempt to please her. Naheed has very skillfully used certain poetic devices in her poem which enhance the impact of her message. Poetic devices in the poem the main feature is that this poem is written in free verse. Free verse is a form of poetry that does not use consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern it thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech. It does not involve any set meter but still it involves a carefully crafted word picture. The first poetic device she has made use of is connotation. Connotation involves the emotional, psychological or social overtones of a  word; its implications and associations apart from its literal meaning. The word ‘smothered’ has been used as a connotation as smothered basically means to cover an object closely or thickly and it also means to stifle or suffocate. This word is used here in connection with smothering the voice of the girl. If taken the dictionary meaning of the word is not usually used in reference to a voice but it being used in this context reinforces the theme of suffocating women within the four walls thus sup pressing her right to have her own say in the society. The word ‘crushed’ is also used a connotation as the dictionary meaning of crushed is to squeeze and deform an object but crushed used with reference to traditions and customs helps to enhance the misery that a female suffers through the baseless customs and traditions. Another poetic device used is the use of symbols. The symbols thorns and chains in the second stanza assert the message of the discomforts that his husband had been treating her with. These symbols tell describe their severity. It’s a short poem with a very few poetic devices. She has made use of a simile in the first stanza. A simile is a direct comparison of two unlike things using â€Å"like† or â€Å"as. She says â€Å"free as the breeze†. It tells that her husband was allowed to enjoy the freedom of going out and had nobody to stop him. In the third stanza she makes use of a metaphor. A metaphor is A direct comparison between two unlike things, stating that one is the other or does the action of  the other. She says in the third stanza â€Å"walk on water†. No human possibly walk on water but the meaning that this metaphor is trying to convey is that this woman is a strong willed person. She never loses hope despite the adverse conditions of her life and it tells that one day she will overcome all obstacles that come in the way of her freedom. â€Å"The grass is really like me† is another poem by Kiswar Naheed. This poem is also about the suppression of women. The writer is comparing the grass with women and says that the only way that the straw of grass can survive is by spreading itself under people’s feet and it implies the fact that the only way a woman can survive in this world is also through spreading herself in front of all, meaning that she has no individual standing of her own. The poem also puts forward the idea that the ones who lack courage are in fact the ones who are never able to rise from the ground. The poet voices the grass and women by  saying that they would not let anyone step over them and that the idea of creating a footpath instead of stepping over them is better but the poem ends with a sad note saying â€Å"the grass is really like me†. Here we see that the poet is being a realist and accepting the stereotypical image of a woman as an underfoot. This poem has a similar tone to that of â€Å"I Am Not That Woman†. Feminism here again is an prominent theme as it talks of the low status given to the women as it gives a degrading image of the grass that has to â€Å"unfurl underfoot to fulfill; itself† . The poet is giving the idea that women have to lay themselves in obedience in front of men and the society in order to survive. This image clearly gives the idea of the unequal status given to the males and females of a society and that how insultingly the females are treated. Although the women are treated unjustly but the poet by saying â€Å"Take my advice: the idea of making a footpath was appropriate† gives out the message that the females do feel bad and they do not want men to step over them in order to walk instead they should change their brutal ways rather than crushing the females down thus bringing forward the theme of Individuality. The poem in its flow gives out a complete message termed as Reification. Reification is a silent acceptance of the treatment provided by the superstructure that is the tyrants to the ones forming the base that is the victims. The poem starts by giving out the general situation of a suppressed woman in a society but then as she moves forward she gives the idea of using a footpath instead of crushing the grass she is giving the idea of having an individuality stating that women must try to rise but then as the poem ends with a sad tone saying that â€Å"The grass is really like me† tells that though ask ing the other women to be brave the poet is being a realist and she has surrendered in the hands of the society and accepting the ill treatment given to her by the males. A similar theme is found in the novel â€Å"Surfacing† by Margaret Atwood in which the unnamed protagonist of the novel tried to create her mark in the world but tired of doing so she surrenders to the puppeteers namely the authorities of religion, politics and the patriarchs of the society thus making them control her life. This poem does not have any fixed meter as it is written in free verse and does not follow any fixed meter. Personification is used as a technique by the poet. Personification is  attributing human characteristics to an inanimate object, animal, or abstract idea. The poet has compared women to the straws of grass. It defines the low status that the women have in this male dominated society and are reduced to objects to be kept at ground level. This poem has very less poetic devices. The symbol of â€Å"lawn owner† is a prominent one. It symbolizes the males of our society and how they are obsessed with leveling women back to the ground level if th ey try to rise. Kishwar Naheed in both her poems has made women her main focus and how she fights to gain individuality and males making a constant attempt to make her fall to the ground.

Sales Management Assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Chemistry (Metallic glasses) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Should Military Recruiters be Allowed in High Schools Thesis

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